UNIT 1 COMPUTER THEIR ORIGIN AND APPLICATIONS

1.0 Introduction 
1.1 Objectives

1.2 Origin of Computer

1.2.1 Abacus 

1.2.2 Napier‟s Bones

1.2.3 Slide Rule

1.2.4 Pascal's Calculator

1.2.5 Leibniz‟s Multiplication and Dividing Machine

1.2.6 Difference Engine 

1.2.7 The Analytical Engine

1.2.8 Mechanical and Electrical Calculator

1.2.9 Modern Electronic Calculator 

1.3 Computer Generations

1.3.1 First Generation Computers (1940-1956) 

1.3.2 Second Generation Computers (1956-1963) 

1.3.3 Third Generation Computers (1964-1971) 

1.3.4 Fourth Generation Computers (1971-present) 

1.3.5 Fifth Generation Computers (present-beyond) 

1.4 Computer System 

1.4.1 How Computers Work ? 

1.4.2 Operational Unit 

1.4.3 System Unit 

1.4.4 Von-Neumann Architecture 

1.4.5 Classification of Computers 

1.4.6 Classification by Technology 

1.5 Integrated Circuits 

1.5.1 Electric Circuits 

1.5.2 The Transistor vs. the Vacuum Tube 

1.6 Operating System 

1.7 Current Applications of Computer 

1.8 Limitations of a Computer 

1.9 Summary 

1.10 Answers to Check Your Progress